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Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment
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Math Anxiety and Math Ability in Early Primary School Years

Helga Krinzinger

Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Germany

Liane Kaufmann

Innsbruck Medical University, Austria, University of Salzburg, Austria

Klaus Willmes

Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Germany

Mathematical learning disabilities (MLDs) are often associated with math anxiety, yet until now, very little is known about the causal relations between calculation ability and math anxiety during early primary school years. The main aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate the relationship between calculation ability, self-reported evaluation of mathematics, and math anxiety in 140 primary school children between the end of first grade and the middle of third grade. Structural equation modeling revealed a strong influence of calculation ability and math anxiety on the evaluation of mathematics but no effect of math anxiety on calculation ability or vice versa—contrasting with the frequent clinical reports of math anxiety even in very young MLD children. To summarize, our study is a first step toward a better understanding of the link between math anxiety and math performance in early primary school years performance during typical and atypical courses of development.

Key Words: math anxiety • development of calculation ability • mathematical learning disability

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, Vol. 27, No. 3, 206-225 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0734282908330583
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